Astaamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa rheological ee isku-darka surfactant-ka aan sulfate-ka lahayn ee cocamidopropyl betaine-sodium methyl cocoyl taurate oo ku baahsan halabuurka, pH, iyo xaaladaha ionic

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Nidaamyada biyaha ee laba-geesoodka ah oo ka kooban noocyo ka soo horjeeda ayaa si ballaaran looga isticmaalaa waaxyo badan oo warshadeed, oo ay ku jiraan qurxinta, daawooyinka, kiimikooyinka beeraha, iyo warshadaha wax soo saarka cuntada. Qaadashada baahsan ee nidaamyadan waxaa ugu horreyn loo aaneynayaa shaqooyinkooda sare ee is-dhexgalka iyo rheological, taas oo suurtogal ka dhigaysa waxqabadka la xoojiyay ee qaacidooyinka kala duwan. Isku-dubaridka is-dhexgalka ee surfactants-ka noocaas ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee u eg dirxiga, ayaa bixiya sifooyin macroscopic ah oo aad loo hagaajin karo, oo ay ku jiraan kororka viscoelasticity iyo hoos u dhaca xiisadda is-dhexgalka. Gaar ahaan, isku-darka surfactants-ka anionic iyo zwitterionic waxay muujiyaan horumarin isku-dhafan oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare, viscosity, iyo isbeddelka xiisadda is-dhexgalka. Dabeecadahani waxay ka yimaadaan isdhexgalka korantada iyo steric ee xooggan ee u dhexeeya kooxaha madaxa ee polar iyo dabada hydrophobic ee surfactants-ka, oo ka soo horjeeda nidaamyada hal-surfactant, halkaas oo xoogagga korontada ee caro leh ay inta badan xaddidaan hagaajinta waxqabadka.

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CABP; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) waa surfactant amphoteric ah oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo qaacidooyinka qurxinta sababtoo ah waxtarkeeda nadiifinta fudud iyo sifooyinka hagaajinta timaha. Dabeecadda zwitterionic ee CAPB waxay awood u siineysaa isku-dhafka elektrostatic-ka ee surfactants anionic, taasoo kor u qaadaysa xasilloonida xumbo iyo kor u qaadida waxqabadka qaacidada sare. Shan iyo tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, isku-darka CAPB oo leh surfactants ku salaysan sulfate, sida CAPB–sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), ayaa noqday aasaaska alaabada daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo waxtarka surfactants ku salaysan sulfate, walaacyada ku saabsan awooddooda cuncunka maqaarka iyo joogitaanka 1,4-dioxane, oo ah wax soo saar ka soo baxay habka ethoxylation, ayaa kiciyay xiisaha beddelka aan sulfate lahayn. Musharixiinta rajo-gelinta leh waxaa ka mid ah surfactants ku salaysan amino-acid, sida taurates, sarcosinates, iyo glutamates, kuwaas oo muujiya iswaafajinta noolaha oo la xoojiyay iyo sifooyin fudud [9]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxaha madaxa ee waaweyn ee beddelkaan badanaa waxay carqaladeeyaan sameynta qaab-dhismeedka micellar-ka ee aadka u xiran, taasoo u baahan isticmaalka wax-ka-beddelka rheological.

Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; SMCT:
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) waa surfactant anionic ah oo loo sameeyay cusbo soodhiyam ah iyada oo loo marayo isku xidhka amide ee N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) oo leh silsilad aashitada dufanka leh ee laga helo qumbaha. SMCT waxay leedahay koox madaxeed taurine ah oo amide-ku xiran oo ay weheliso koox si xooggan u ah anionic sulfonate, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid baaba'aya oo la jaan qaadi karta pH-ga maqaarka, taas oo u dhigaysa musharax rajo leh oo loogu talagalay qaacidooyinka aan sulfate-ka lahayn. Surfactants-ka Taurate waxaa lagu gartaa saabuunta xooggan, adkeysiga biyaha adag, jilicsanaanta, iyo xasilloonida pH ee ballaaran.

Xuduudaha Rheological, oo ay ku jiraan viscosity-ga shiidid, moduli-ga shiidid, iyo cadaadiska wax soo saarka, ayaa muhiim u ah go'aaminta xasilloonida, qaab-dhismeedka, iyo waxqabadka alaabada ku salaysan surfactant-ka. Tusaale ahaan, viscosity-ga shiidid ee sareeya wuxuu hagaajin karaa haynta substrate-ka, halka cadaadiska wax soo saarka uu xukumo u hoggaansanaanta qaacidada ee maqaarka ama timaha ka dib codsiga. Astaamahan rheological-ga macroscopic-ga ah waxaa wax ka beddela arrimo badan, oo ay ku jiraan fiirsashada surfactant-ka, pH, heerkulka, iyo joogitaanka dareereyaal isku-dhafan ama waxyaabo lagu daro. Surfactants-ka lidka ku ah ee la dallacay waxay mari karaan kala-guuryo kala duwan oo qaab-dhismeedka microstructural ah, oo u dhexeeya micelles-ka wareegsan iyo vesicles ilaa marxaladaha crystalline-ka dareeraha ah, kuwaas oo, markeeda, si qoto dheer u saameeya rheology-ga weyn. Isku-darka surfactants-ka amphoteric iyo anionic badanaa waxay sameeyaan micelles-ka dheer ee u eg dixiri (WLMs), kuwaas oo si weyn u wanaajiya sifooyinka viscoelastic. Sidaa darteed, fahamka xiriirka qaab-dhismeedka-hantida ayaa muhiim u ah hagaajinta waxqabadka wax soo saarka.

Daraasado tijaabo ah oo badan ayaa baaray nidaamyada laba-geesoodka ah ee la midka ah, sida CAPB-SLES, si loo caddeeyo aasaaska qaab-dhismeedka yar ee sifooyinkooda. Tusaale ahaan, Mitrinova et al. [13] cabbirka micelle ee isku xiran (radius hydrodynamic) oo leh isku-dhafka xalka ee isku-darka isku-dhafka CAPB-SLES-dhexdhexaadka ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo rheometry iyo kala firdhinta iftiinka firfircoon (DLS). rheometry-ga farsamada wuxuu bixiyaa aragti ku saabsan horumarka qaab-dhismeedka yar ee isku-darkaan waxaana lagu kordhin karaa microrheology-ga indhaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo spectroscopy-ga hirarka kala firdhisan (DWS) kaas oo fidiya qaybta soo noqnoqoshada ee la heli karo, isagoo qabanaya dhaqdhaqaaqyo waqti-gaaban ah oo si gaar ah ugu habboon hababka nasashada WLM. Cilmi-baarista DWS, celceliska barakicinta labajibbaaran ee baaritaannada kolloidalka ee ku dhex jira ayaa la raadraacaa waqti ka dib, taasoo suurtogalinaysa soo saarista moduli viscoelastic toosan ee dhexdhexaadka ku xeeran iyada oo loo marayo xiriirka guud ee Stokes-Einstein. Farsamadani waxay u baahan tahay oo keliya mugga muunad yar sidaas darteedna waxay faa'iido u leedahay barashada dareerayaasha adag ee leh helitaanka walxaha xaddidan, tusaale ahaan qaacidooyinka ku salaysan borotiinka. Falanqaynta xogta <Δr²(t)> ee ku baahsan muuqaalka soo noqnoqoshada ballaaran waxay sahlaysaa qiyaasta xuduudaha micellar sida cabbirka shabagga, dhererka isku-xidhka, dhererka adkeysiga, iyo dhererka qaab-dhismeedka. Amin et al waxay muujiyeen in isku-darka CAPB-SLES ay la jaanqaadaan saadaasha ka timid aragtida Cates, iyagoo muujinaya koror muuqda oo ku yimaada isku-dhafka milixda iyadoo lagu darayo milixda ilaa ay ka soo baxdo xog muhiim ah, taas oo ka baxsan isku-dhafka si degdeg ah hoos ugu dhaco - jawaab celin caadi ah oo ku saabsan nidaamyada WLM Xu iyo Amin waxay adeegsadeen isku-dhafka farsamada iyo DWS si ay u baaraan isku-darka SLES-CABP-CCB, taasoo muujinaysa jawaab celin rheological Maxwellian ah oo muujinaysa sameynta WLM ee isku-dhafan, taas oo si dheeraad ah loogu xaqiijiyay xuduudaha qaab-dhismeedka microstructural ee laga soo xigtay cabbiraadaha DWS. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo hababkan, daraasadda hadda jirta waxay isku daraysaa isku-dhafka farsamada iyo microrheology-ga DWS si loo caddeeyo sida dib-u-habaynta qaab-dhismeedka microstructural-ka ay u wanaajiso dhaqanka isku-darka CAPB-SMCT.

Marka la eego baahida sii kordheysa ee wakiilada nadiifinta jilicsan oo waara, sahaminta surfactants anionic-ka aan sulfate-ka lahayn ayaa korodhay inkastoo ay jiraan caqabado qaabaynta ah. Qaab-dhismeedka molecular-ka ee kala duwan ee nidaamyada aan sulfate-ka lahayn ayaa badanaa soo saara astaamo rheological oo kala duwan, taasoo adkeynaysa istaraatiijiyadaha caadiga ah ee kor u qaadista viscosity sida iyada oo loo marayo cusbo ama dhumuc polymeric ah. Tusaale ahaan, Yorke et al. waxay sahamiyeen beddelka aan sulfate-ka lahayn iyagoo si nidaamsan u baaraya sifooyinka xumbo-saarka iyo rheological ee isku-darka binary iyo ternary surfactant oo leh alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), iyo lauryl hydroxysultaine. Saamiga 1:1 ee AOS-sultaine wuxuu muujiyay astaamaha xiirashada iyo xumbada oo la mid ah CAPB-SLES, taasoo muujinaysa sameynta WLM. Rajput et al. [26] waxay qiimeeyeen anionic surfactant kale oo aan sulfate-ka lahayn, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), oo ay weheliyaan nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine iyo lauryl glucoside) iyada oo loo marayo DLS, SANS, iyo rheometry. In kasta oo SCGLY kaligeed ay samaysay micelles-ka ugu badan ee wareegsan, haddana ku darista isku-dhafka ah waxay suurtagelisay dhismaha qaab-dhismeedka micellar-ka oo aad u adag, oo la jaan qaadi kara hab-dhiska pH-ka ku shaqeeya.

Iyadoo ay jiraan horumarradan, baaritaanno yar ayaa bartilmaameedsaday sifooyinka rheological ee nidaamyada waara ee aan sulfate-ka lahayn ee ku lug leh CAPB iyo taurates. Daraasaddani waxay higsaneysaa inay buuxiso farqigan iyadoo bixinaysa mid ka mid ah astaamaha rheological ee ugu horreeya ee nidaamka laba-geesoodka ah ee CAPB-SMCT. Iyada oo si nidaamsan loo kala beddelayo halabuurka surfactant, pH, iyo xoogga ionic, waxaan caddaynaynaa arrimaha xukuma viscosity-ga iyo viscoelasticity. Annagoo adeegsanayna rheometry-ga farsamada iyo microrheology-ga DWS, waxaan cabbirnaa dib-u-habaynta qaab-dhismeedka yar yar ee salka ku haya dhaqanka shiididda ee isku-darka CAPB-SMCT. Natiijooyinkani waxay caddaynayaan isdhexgalka u dhexeeya pH, saamiga CAPB-SMCT, iyo heerarka ionic ee kor u qaadista ama joojinta sameynta WLM, taasoo bixinaysa aragtiyo wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan habaynta astaamaha rheological ee alaabada ku salaysan surfactant-ka waara ee codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan.