Acid acidwaxaa caadi ahaan loo yaqaan ACOH, oo loo magacaabay ka dib markii ay tahay walxaha ugu muhiimsan ee khalka, waana mid ka mid ah asiidhyada dufanka leh ee ugu muhiimsan.Qaabka bilaashka ah ee dabiiciga ah ayaa guud ahaan ka jira dhir badan.Molecular CH3COOH.Soo saarista iyo isticmaalka khalka ayaa leh taariikh kumanaan sano ah.Shiinaha hore, waxaa lagu duubay khal.Laakin Asiishida Aashitada la uruursaday waxa ay ahayd Buug Kiimiko ah oo guulaystay oo uu sameeyay Stahl 1700. Asiidhka saafiga ah waa dareere aan midab lahayn oo leh dhadhan xanaaq badan.Barta dhalaalka waa 16.6 ° C, barta karkarinta waa 117.9 ° C, cufnaanta qaraabada waa 1.049 (20/4 ° C).Ku milmay biyaha, ethanol, glycerin, ether iyo chloride carbon;aan lagu milmi karin carbonide.Crickets aquatic-ka aan biyaha lahayn ayaa lagu dahaadhay qaab baraf ah, oo loo yaqaan 'icetic acid'.Daxaluq.Waa mid daciif ah iyo aashitada organic, acidicity of acid, waxayna keeni kartaa falcelinta esterization ee khamriga.
Waxyaabaha kiimikaad:Acid acid(AcOH) waa karboksilic acid mono daciif ah.Waxay leedahay sifooyinka lagu garto karboksilic acids.Waxay la falgashaa biraha qaarkood, oksaydhyada birta ah iyo hydroxides si ay u sameeyaan cusbo.Asiidhyo badan oo acetic ah ayaa leh isticmaal muhiim ah.Acetate ferric aasaasiga ah [Fe (C2H3OO) 6OH (OOCCH3) 2] iyo [Fe3 (C2H3OO) 6 (OH) 2 (OOCCH3)] iyo acetate sunta rasaasta ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii mordant, iyo acetate ferous ayaa loo isticmaalay daabacaadda.Acid acid iyo aalkolada ayaa la nadiifiyey.Esterification waxa kale oo lagu samayn karaa hydrocarbon aan dheregsanayn oo hoos timaad ficilka kicinta.Alpha-hydrogen waxaa lagu bedeli karaa halogens;Iyo formaldehyde ee hoos yimaada ficilka kicinta, galay khadka Kiimikada ee aldehyde khamriga;Marka nitric acid lagu daro acetic acid, heerka nitrating waa la hagaajin karaa.Ka falcelinta chloride benzoyl, acetyl chloride iyo benzoic acid ayaa la samayn karaa.Acetic acid waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo saaro noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan oo muhiim ah, sida methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, iwm., waa dareere aad u fiican ee daahan iyo warshadaha rinjiga.Cellulose acetate, oo ay soo saartay isdhexgalka acetic anhydride iyo cellulose, ayaa loo isticmaali karaa samaynta filim, rinjiga buufinta iyo balaastikada kala duwan.Carboxymethyl cellulose waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa chloroacetic acid.Vinyl acetate-ka ay soo saarto acetic acid iyo acetylene waa walxo ceeriin ah oo muhiim u ah isku dhafka daawooyinka, dheeha iyo dhir udgoonka, iyo sidoo kale dareeraha muhiimka ah ee daaweynta caagga ah.Acid acid waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo isku dhafka organic.
Goobta codsiga
Isticmaalka warshadaha
1. Acid acidwaa badeeco kiimiko ah oo weyn waana mid ka mid ah asiidhyada organic ugu muhiimsan.Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro ethidine, ethyls iyo ethyl acetate.Polyetate ethyl ester waxaa laga samayn karaa filim iyo xabag, sidoo kale waa walxo ceeriin ah oo loogu talagalay fiber synthetic Velun.Ethyl acetic acid cellulose waxay samayn kartaa xariir macmal ah iyo filimaan filim.
2. Acetate ethyl oo ay samaysay aalkolo heer hoose ah waa dareere aad u fiican waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha rinjiga.Sababtoo ah inta badan walxaha dabiiciga ah ee milmaan acid acetic, acetic acid sidoo kale waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dareerayaasha organic (tusaale, soo saarida phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in qaar ka mid ah xalalka pickled iyo la safeeyey, sida bakhtiiye (sida galvanizing iyo kiimikaad dahaadhayn kiimikaad nikkel) in xal acid daciif ah, ku daray daro in a hemuminal dhalaalaya nickel -plated electrolyte, iyo passivation of zinc iyo cadmium The xalku waxa uu wanaajin karaa awooda isku xidhka filimka passivation waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu habeeyo pH ee dahaadhka aashitada daciifka ah.
4. Waxa laga soo saaraa milixda birta ah, sida manganese, sodium, lead, aluminium, zinc, cobalt iyo biraha kale, kuwaas oo aad loo isticmaalo sida kiciya, rinjiye dharka iyo warshadaynta hargaha.Leedhka Fouritic acid waa reagent organic synthetic (sida tetraitic acid sunta rasaasta waxa loo isticmaali karaa oksaydhiyaha xooggan, isha ogsijiinta acetyl, iyo diyaarinta xeryahooda macdanta rasaasta organic, iwm.).
5. Acetic acid waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sida reagents falanqaynta, synthesis organic, midabka iyo synthesis daawada.
Isticmaalka cuntada
Warshadaha cuntada,acetic acidwaxaa loo isticmaalaa sida wakiilka acidified.Marka wakiilka udgoonka iyo xawaashka loo isticmaalo in laga sameeyo khalka synthetic, acetic acid waxaa lagu qasi karaa 4-5%, waxaana lagu daraa noocyo kala duwan oo dhadhan ah.jabanSida wakiilka dhadhanka leh ee aashitada, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa xawaashyo isku dhafan.Waxaa loo diyaariyey inay isticmaasho khal, gasacadaha, jelly iyo farmaajo.Waxa kale oo aad samayn kartaa walxaha udgoonka leh 0.1 ilaa 0.3 g/kg.
Kaydinta iyo gaadiidka
Ka taxadar kaydinta: Ku kaydi bakhaar qabow oo hawo leh.Ka ilaali dabka iyo kulaylka.Xilliga jiilaalka, heerkulka kaydinta waa in lagu hayaa ka sarreeya 16 ℃ si looga hortago adkaanta.Ku hay weelka mid xiran.Waa in si gooni ah loo kaydiyaa oksidat iyo alkali, waana in aan la isku darin.Nalalka aan qarxin iyo tas-hiilaadka hawo ayaa la qaatay.Ha isticmaalin qalabka farsamada iyo qalabka u nugul dhinbiilka.Aagga kaydinta waa in lagu qalabeeyaa qalabka daawaynta degdega ah ee daadsan iyo agab ku habboon.
Taxadarrada gaadiidka: Alaabtan waxa lagu rari doonaa baabuurta taangiyada aluminium ee ay bixiyaan shirkadaha aluminium inta lagu jiro gaadiidka tareenada, iyo oggolaanshaha waaxyaha ay khusayso waa in la soo sheego ka hor inta aan la dhoofin.Gaadiidka tareenada ee aan qasacadaysan waa in loo fuliyaa si adag si waafaqsan liiska baakadaha khatarta ah ee "Sharciyada Gaadiidka Alaabta Khatarta ah" ee Wasaaradda Tareenka.Xiritaanku waa inuu ahaadaa mid dhamaystiran, raristaduna waa inay ahaataa mid badbaado leh.Inta lagu jiro gaadiidka, hubi in weelku uusan daadin, dumin, dhicin ama uusan dhaawacmin.Baabuurka barkada loo adeegsado gaadiidka waa inuu lahaadaa silsilad dhulka hoostiisa ah, waxaana lagu diyaarin karaa qayb dalool ah oo barkada dhexdeeda ah si loo yareeyo korontada taagan ee ka dhalanaysa shoogga.Waxaa si adag loo mamnuucay in lagu qaso oksidat, alkali iyo kiimikooyinka la cuni karo.Gaadiidka waddooyinku waa in ay maraan waddadii loogu talagalay, ha ku nagaan meelaha la deggan yahay iyo meelaha dadku ku badan yahay.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-23-2023