Tilmaamaha
● Rheology of binary sulfate-free surfactant mixes waxa lagu gartaa si tijaabo ah.
● Saamaynta pH, ka kooban iyo feejignaanta ionic si habaysan ayaa loo baaraa.
● CAPB: SMCT mass mass mass of 1:0.5 waxay dhistaa viscosity-ga ugu sarreeya.
● Xoogan milix ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro ugu badnaan viscosity xiirid.
● Dhererka konturrada Micellar ee laga soo xigtay DWS waxay si xooggan ula xidhiidhaa viscosity xiirid.
Abstract
Raadinta jiilka soo socda ee sulfate-ka-free dhufto ee sulfate-free, shaqada hadda waxay bixisaa mid ka mid ah baaritaanka rheological ugu horeysay ee nidaamsan ee aqueous Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) -Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT) isku darka kala duwan ee ka kooban, pH, iyo xoogga ionic. CAPB-SMCT xalalka aqueous (wadarta korjoogteynta firfircoon ee 8-12 wt. %) ayaa lagu diyaariyey dhowr miisaan oo korka ah, lagu hagaajiyay pHs 4.5 iyo 5.5, oo lagu titrated NaCl. Cabirrada xiirid joogto ah iyo oscillatory waxay qiyaaseen viscosity makroscopic xiirid, halka faafinta mowjadaha spectroscopy (DWS) microrheology ay bixisay inta jeer ee la xaliyay moduli viscoelastic ah iyo sifada miisaanka dhererka micellar. Xaaladaha milix la'aanta, qaab-dhismeedyadu waxay soo bandhigeen rheology Newtonian oo leh viscosities-ka ugu badan ee CAPB: Miisaanka SMCT ee 1:0.5, taasoo muujinaysa isku xidhka kooxda madaxa ee cationic-anionic. Hoos u dhigista pH ee laga soo bilaabo 5.5 ilaa 4.5 waxay siisay lacag badan oo togan oo saafi ah CAPB, si ay u kordhiso kakanaanta korantada ee SMCT oo si buuxda u anionic iyo abuurista shabakado micellar oo xoogan. Isku-darka milixda ee habaysan waxay habaysay dib-u-celinta koox-kooxeed-madaxeed, kaxaynta korriinka morphological ee jiirarka kala duwan ilaa kuwa dhaadheer, isku darka dirxiga. Viscosities Zero-xiirid ayaa muujiyay maxima kala duwan ee saamiga muhiimka ah ee cusbada-ilaa-surfactant (R), taasoo muujinaysa dheelitirka adag ee u dhexeeya baaritaanka laba-lakabka ah ee korantada iyo dhererka micellar. DWS microrheology ayaa xaqiijisay indha-indheyntan makroscopic, oo daaha ka qaaday muuqaalka Maxwellian ee R ≥ 1, oo waafaqsan hababka dib-u-jabinta-dib-u-celinta ee dib-u-celinta. Waxaa xusid mudan, isku-duubnida iyo dhererka joogteynta ayaa weli ah mid aan is beddelin oo leh xoog ionic ah, halka dhererka koontu uu muujiyay xiriir xooggan oo leh viscosity eber-xiirid. Natiijooyinkani waxay xoogga saarayaan doorka muhiimka ah ee dhererka micellar iyo is-dhexgalka heerkulbeegga ee nidaaminta viscoelasticity dareeraha, siinta qaab injineernimada wax-qabadka sare ee sulfate-ka-free surfactants iyada oo loo marayo xakamaynta saxda ah ee cufnaanta kharashka, halabuurka, iyo xaaladaha ionic.
Sawirka Abstrac
Hordhac
Nidaamyada dulsaarka biyaha ee binary-ga oo ka kooban noocyo ka soo horjeeda ayaa si weyn looga shaqeeyaa dhammaan waaxyo warshadeed oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, dawooyinka, kiimikooyinka beeraha, iyo warshadaha habaynta cuntada. Qaadashada baahsan ee nidaamyadan waxa ugu horayn loo nisbayn karaa shaqadooda sare ee isdhexgalka waji iyo rheological, kuwaas oo awood u siinaya kor u qaadista waxqabadka qaabab kala duwan. Isku-dubbaridka isku-dhafka ah ee dusha sare ee noocan oo kale ah oo isu rogay gooryaan u eg, isku-darka isku dhafan ayaa bixiya sifooyin makroskoob oo aad loo hagaajin karo, oo ay ku jiraan viscoelasticity kordhay iyo hoos u dhigista xiisadda dhexda ah. Gaar ahaan, isku-dhafka anionic iyo zwitterionic surfactants waxay soo bandhigaan kobcinta firfircoonida ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare, viscosity, iyo habaynta xiisadda wajiga dhexdooda. Dabeecadahani waxay ka soo baxaan isdhexgalka korantada ee xooggan iyo isdhexgalka ka dhexeeya kooxaha madaxa polar iyo dabada hydrophobic ee surfactants, oo ka soo horjeeda nidaamyada hal-surfactant, halkaas oo xoogagga elektiroonigga ah ee nacaybka ah ay inta badan xaddidaan hagaajinta waxqabadka.
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+(C)CC([O-])=O) waa dareere amphoteric ah oo si weyn looga faa'iidaysto qaabaynta qurxinta sababtoo ah waxtarkeeda nadiifinta khafiifka ah iyo guryaha timaha qaboojiya Dabeecadda zwitterionic ee CAPB waxay awood u siinaysaa is-dhexgalka korantada ee leh surfactants anionic, kor u qaadida xasilloonida xumbo iyo kor u qaadida qaabaynta sare. Shantii sano ee la soo dhaafay, isku dhafka CAPB ee leh sulfate-ku-saleysan surfactants, sida CAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), ayaa aasaas u noqday alaabta daryeelka shakhsi ahaaneed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in kasta oo waxtarka surfactants-ku-saleysan sulfate, welwelka ku saabsan awooddooda xanaaqa maqaarka iyo joogitaanka 1,4-dioxane, oo ka soo baxa geeddi-socodka ethoxylation, ayaa kiciyay xiisaha beddelka sulfate-la'aanta. Murashaxiinta ballan-qaadka ah waxaa ka mid ah surfactants-ku-saleysan amino-acid, sida taurates, sarcosinates, iyo glutamates, kuwaas oo muujinaya la-qabsiga noole ee la xoojiyay iyo guryaha khafiifka ah [9]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kooxaha madaxa dabaylaha ah ee doorarkan ayaa inta badan caqabad ku ah samaynta qaab-dhismeedyo micellar ah oo aad isku xidhan, taas oo lama huraan u ah isticmaalka beddelka rheological.
Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; Dhoola cadeynta:
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) waa surfactant anionic ah oo lagu farsameeyay cusbo sodium ah iyada oo loo sii marayo isku xidhka amide ee N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) oo leh silsilad dufan leh oo qumbaha ka soo jeeda. SMCT waxay leedahay koox-kooxeedka taurine-ku-xiran ee amide-ku-xidhan oo ay weheliyaan koox sulfonate ah oo xooggan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid biodegradable ah oo la jaanqaadi karta pH maqaarka, taas oo u dhiganta musharrax ballan-qaad ah oo loogu talagalay qaababka aan sulfate-ka lahayn. Taurate surfactants waxaa lagu gartaa nadiifintooda xoogga badan, adkeysiga biyaha adag, khafiifka, iyo xasilloonida pH ballaaran.
Halbeegyada rheological, oo ay ku jiraan viscosity xiirid, viskoelastic moduli, iyo dhalidda walbahaarka, ayaa muhiim u ah go'aaminta xasilloonida, qaabaynta, iyo waxqabadka alaabta ku salaysan surfactant. Tusaale ahaan, viscosity xiirid oo sarreeya waxa ay wanaajin kartaa haynta substrate-ka, halka wax-soo-saarku walaaca uu xukumo u hoggaansanaanta qaabeynta ee maqaarka ama timaha codsiga kadib. Sifooyinkan rheological macroscopic macroscopic waxaa habeeyay arrimo badan, oo ay ku jiraan feejignaanta dusha sare, pH, heerkulka, iyo joogitaanka isku-darka ama waxyaabaha lagu daro. Surfactants-ka ka soo horjeeda ayaa mari kara isbeddello qaab-dhismeed oo kala duwan, oo u dhexeeya miceles spherical iyo vesicles ilaa wejiyada crystalline dareeraha ah, taas oo, iyaduna, si qoto dheer u saameeya rheology-ga tirada badan. Isku dhafka amphoteric iyo surfactants anionic waxay badanaa sameeyaan dirxiyo dhaadheer oo u eg miceles (WLMs), kuwaas oo si weyn u xoojiya sifooyinka viskoelasticka ah. Fahamka cilaaqaadka qaab-dhismeedka-yar-yar-hantidu waa, sidaa darteed,, muhiim u ah wanaajinta waxqabadka alaabta.
Daraasado badan oo tijaabo ah ayaa baadhay nidaamyada binary ee isku midka ah, sida CAPB-SLES, si loo caddeeyo aasaaska qaab-dhismeedka yar yar ee hantidooda. Tusaale ahaan, Mitrinova et al. [13] Cabbirka micele ee isku xidhan (radius hydrodynamic) oo leh viscosity xalka CAPB-SLES-isku-dhafka silsiladda dhexdhexaadka ah ee isku-dhafka ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo rheometry iyo kala firdhisanaanta iftiinka firfircoon (DLS). Rheometry makaanikadu waxay siisaa aragti ku saabsan horumarka qaab-dhismeed ee isku-dhafkan waxaana lagu kordhin karaa microrheology-ga indhaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo fidinta mowjadaha spectroscopy (DWS) kaas oo fidinaya qaybta inta jeer ee la heli karo, qabashada dhaqdhaqaaq waqti-gaaban gaar ahaan hababka nasashada ee WLM. DWS microrheology, celceliska barokaca labajibbaaran ee baarayaasha kolloidal-ku-xidhan ayaa la raadraacaa wakhti ka dib, taasoo awood u siinaysa soo saarista qaab-dhismeedka viscoelastic-ka tooska ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee ku xeeran iyada oo loo marayo xidhiidhka guud ee Stokes-Einstein. Farsamadan waxay u baahan tahay muunad muunad yar oo keliya, sidaas awgeed waxay faa'iido u leedahay in la barto dareeraha isku dhafan ee helitaankoodu xaddidan yahay, tusaale ahaan qaab-dhismeedka borotiinka. Falanqaynta <Δr²(t)> xogta guud ahaan inta jeer ee baaxada leh waxay sahlaysa qiyaasida qiyaasaha micellar sida cabbirka mesh, dhererka isku xidhka, dhererka adkaysiga, iyo dhererka koontada. Amin et al waxay muujisay in isku-darka CAPB-SLES ay waafaqsan yihiin saadaasha aragtida Cates, oo muujinaysa koror muuqda oo viscosity ah oo lagu daray cusbada ilaa milix muhiim ah, oo ka baxsan taas oo viscosity hoos u dhaco si degdeg ah - jawaabta caadiga ah ee nidaamyada WLM Xu iyo Amin waxay shaqaaleeyeen rheometry farsamaysan iyo DWS si ay u baaraan SLES-CAPB-CCB-CCB-ga jawaab-celinta SLES-CAPB-CCB samaynta, kaas oo lagu sii xoojiyay cabbiraadaha qaab-dhismeed-yar ee laga soo qaatay cabbirada DWS. Iyada oo laga duulayo hababkan, daraasadda hadda jirta ayaa midaysa rheometry farsameedka iyo microrheology DWS si loo caddeeyo sida dib-u-habaynta qaab-dhismeedyadu u wadaan hab-dhaqanka xiirid ee isku-dhafka CAPB-SMCT.
Marka la eego baahida sii kordheysa ee wakiilada nadiifinta dabacsan oo sii waaraya, sahaminta sulfate-ka aan sulfate-ka lahayn surfactants ayaa helay dardar inkastoo caqabado qaabaynta. Nashqadaha molecular ee kala duwan ee nidaamyada aan sulfate-ka lahayn ayaa inta badan keena muuqaalo rheological ah oo kala duwan, taas oo adkeynaysa xeeladaha caadiga ah ee kobcinta viscosity sida milix ama dhumuc polymeric. Tusaale ahaan, Yorke et al. la sahamiyay beddelka aan sulfate-ka ahayn iyadoo si habaysan loo baadho xumbo-samaynta iyo sifooyinka rheological ee isku-dhafka binary iyo ternary surfactant ee ka kooban alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), iyo lauryl hydroxysultaine. Saamiga 1:1 ee AOS-sultaine waxa uu muujiyay xiirid-dhogorta iyo sifooyinka xumbo ee u dhigma CAPB-SLES, taas oo muujinaysa samaynta WLM. Rajput iyo al. [26] waxay qiimeeyeen sulfate-free anionic surfactant, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), oo ay weheliso nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine iyo lauryl glucoside) iyada oo loo marayo DLS, SANS, iyo rheometry. In kasta oo SCGLY keligiis uu sameeyay miceles wareegsan oo u badan, isku-darka-spherical-ku-darku waxa uu sahlay in la dhiso qaab-dhismeedyo micellar oo aad u qallafsan, kuwaas oo la jaan-qaadi kara qaab-habboon ee pH-ka.
In kasta oo ay jiraan horumarradan, marka la barbardhigo, baaritaanno tiro yar ayaa lagu bar-tilmaameedsaday sifooyinka rheological ee hababka sulfate-la'aanta ee joogtada ah ee ku lug leh CAPB iyo taurates. Daraasadani waxay ujeedadeedu tahay inay buuxiso farqigan iyadoo la siinayo mid ka mid ah astaamaha rheological ee ugu horreeya ee nidaamka binary CAPB-SMCT. Anaga oo si nidaamsan u kala duwanaya halabuurka surfactant, pH, iyo xoogga ionic, waxaanu caddaynaynaa arrimaha xukuma viscosity xiirid iyo indho-beelka. Isticmaalka rheometry makaanik iyo DWS microrheology, waxaan qiyaaseynaa dib-u-habaynta qaabdhismeedka-yar ee ka hooseeya habdhaqanka xiirid ee isku dhafka CAPB-SMCT. Natiijooyinkani waxay si cad u qeexayaan isdhexgalka u dhexeeya pH, CAPB-SMCT, iyo heerarka ionic ee kor u qaadista ama joojinta samaynta WLM, si ay u bixiyaan fikrado wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan habaynta astaamaha rheological ee alaabooyinka ku salaysan surfactant waara ee codsiyada warshadaha kala duwan.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-05-2025