I.Guudmarka Warshadaha iyo Horumarka Farsamada
Polyacrylamide (PAM), oo ah mid ka mid ah kiimikooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu daweeyo biyaha, ayaa horumar la taaban karo ka samaysay hal-abuurka tignoolajiyada iyo codsiyada suuqa sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Marka loo eego warbixintii ugu dambeysay ee cilmi baarista suuqa, suuqa caalamiga ah ee PAM wuxuu gaaray $4.58 bilyan sanadka 2023 waxaana la saadaalinayaa inuu u koro $6.23 bilyan marka la gaaro 2028, iyadoo kororka kobaca sanadlaha ah uu yahay 6.3%. Qaybta daaweynta biyaha ayaa ka badan 65% wadarta isticmaalka, taas oo u adeegta sidii darawalka ugu muhiimsan ee kobaca warshadaha.
1. Horumarka Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
2023, koox cilmi baaris ah oo ka socota Jaamacadda Sayniska iyo Teknolojiyadda Shiinaha ayaa daabacday natiijooyin muhiim ah * Biyaha Dabiiciga ah *, si guul leh u horumarinaya walax cusub oo APAM ah oo leh astaamo “jawaab caqli leh”. Isticmaalka tignoolajiyada daabacaadda molecular, alaabtani waxay si toos ah u hagaajin kartaa qaabeynta molecular ee ku saleysan noocyada wasakhaysan ee biyaha, hagaajinta waxtarka saarista birta culus ee 40%, gaar ahaan ku habboon macdanta biyaha wasakhda ah. Xogta goobta laga helay mashruuca daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee miinada naxaasta ah ee Jiangxi ayaa muujisay shaygan lagu guulaystay 99.2% ka saarida ion copper halka ay hoos u dhigtay kharashaadka daawaynta 35%.
Isla markaa, Kiimikada Mitsubishi ee Japan waxay soo bandhigtay taxane APAM ah oo heerkulkiisu sarreeyo kaasoo ilaalinaya waxqabadka xasilloon 80-120°C, isagoo wax ka qabanaya caqabadaha farsamada ee daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee saliidda iyo gaaska. Alaabtani waxay muujisay wax qabad aan caadi ahayn nidaamka daaweynta biyaha goobta saliida ee Saudi Aramco, iyadoo dardargelinaysa xawaaraha samaynta qulqulka 50% iyo yaraynta wakhtiga dejinta saddex-meelood laba meelood badeecadaha caadiga ah.
2. Horumarka tignoolajiyada ee Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Qaybta daawaynta dhoobada ayaa goob joog u ahayd isbedelo isbedelaya. Horraantii 2024, BASF ee Jarmalka waxay soo saartay jiil cusub oo miisaan unug leh oo CPAM ah oo miisaankiisu ka badan yahay 20 milyan Dalton. Iyada oo loo marayo tignoolajiyada khaaska ah ee isku xidhka, alaabadani waxay samaysaa dhismayaal shabakado cufan inta lagu jiro nadiifinta wasakhda, gaarista qoyaanka dheecaanka ka dib ee ka hooseeya 58% - boqolkiiba 10-dhibcaha hagaajinta alaabta caadiga ah. Ka dib qaadashada tignoolajiyadan, Warshadda Daawaynta Biyaha Wastada ee Dawladda Hoose ee Paris waxay kordhisay awoodda daaweynta wasakhda 30% iyada oo hoos u dhigtay isticmaalka kiimikada 15%.
Si aad ah u sii xusulduuban, bilaw Nederlaan ah ayaa soo saaray CPAM biosynthetic iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada tafatirka hidda-wadaha CRISPR. Waxa lagu soo saaray injineer *E. coli * halsano, habkani wuxuu gabi ahaanba ka fogaanayaa isticmaalka acrylamide monomer, hoos u dhigista ecotoxicity alaabta 90% iyo jarista qiiqa kaarboonka 65% inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka. In kasta oo kharashyada hadda jira ay ilaa 20% ka sarreeyaan hababka isku-dhafka kiimikada, faa'iidooyin tartan oo la taaban karo ayaa la filayaa marka la gaaro wax-soo-saarka cabbirka marka la gaaro 2026.
3. Codsiyada la balaariyay ee Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
NPAM waxay muujinaysaa faa'iidooyinka gaarka ah ee daaweynta biyaha gaarka ah. Dabayaaqadii 2023, Dow Chemical waxay soo bandhigtay pH-xasaasi ah taxane NPAM kaas oo si toos ah u hagaajiya fidinta silsiladda unugyada gudaha pH 2-12, hagaajinta nano-miisaanka adag ee adag ee qabashada hufnaanta 3-5 jeer. Tignoolajiyadan ayaa si guul leh loogu dabaqay diyaarinta biyaha ultrapure ee warshadaha semiconductor, gaaritaanka heerarka tayada biyaha ee 18.2 MΩ · cm.
Cilmi-baarayaasha Kuuriyada Koonfureed waxay horumariyeen NPAM-muuqaal-iftiin-khafiif ah iyagoo soo bandhigay unugyada qaab-dhismeedka azobenzene. Polymers-ka haraaga ah waxay hoos u dhigi karaan xeryahooda-molecule-yar 48 saacadood gudahood iftiinka dabiiciga ah, iyagoo si buuxda u xallinaya arrimaha haraaga PAM ee dhaqameed. Tiknoolajiyadan waxaa lagu tijaabiyay xulashada dhirta biyaha la cabbo ee Seoul, iyadoo la filayo in ganacsi laga sameeyo 2025.
II. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Suuqa iyo Horumarka Gobolka
1. Isbedelka Muuqaalka Suuqa Caalamiga ah
Gobolka Aasiya-Pacific wuxuu noqday suuqa ugu dhaqsaha badan ee PAM, oo ka dhigan 46% isticmaalka caalamiga ah sanadka 2023, iyadoo Shiinuhu uu gacan ka geysanayo kobaca intiisa badan. Xogta ka soo baxday Xiriirka Warshadaha Batroolka iyo Kiimikada Shiinaha ayaa muujineysa in wax soo saarka Shiinaha ee PAM uu gaaray 920,000 tan sanadka 2023, iyadoo soo dejinta ay ilaalineyso heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee 15% - gaar ahaan dhamaadka-sare ee badeecadaha CPAM, halkaasoo ku tiirsanaanta soo dejinta ay weli tahay 40%.
Suuqa Yurub wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddello kala duwan. Iyada oo la raacayo xeerarka deegaanka ee adag, badeecadaha PAM ee noolaha ah ayaa kordhay saamiga suuqa laga soo bilaabo 8% 2020 ilaa 22% 2023. Faransiiska Veolia ayaa ku dhawaaqday qorshayaal si buuxda loogu beddelayo CPAM-dhaqameedka beddelka cagaaran 2026.
Suuqa Waqooyiga Ameerika, oo ay wado horumarka gaaska shale, ayaa sii wada baahida xooggan ee APAM. Soo dejinta PAM ee Maraykanka ayaa koray 18% 2023, iyadoo 60% loo isticmaalay daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ee saliidda iyo gaaska. Waxaa xusid mudan, Mexico waxay u soo baxday sidii xarun wax soo saar cusub, oo leh dalal badan oo caalami ah oo aasaasay saldhigyo wax soo saar oo maxalli ah.
2. Dhaqdhaqaaqa Silsiladda Qiimaha iyo Bixinta
Laga soo bilaabo 2023 ilaa 2024, suuqyada alaabta ceeriin ee PAM waxay la kulmeen isbeddelo la taaban karo. Qiimaha Acrylamide monomer wuxuu gaadhay heerar taariikhi ah Q3 2023 laakiin wuxuu ku soo noqday heerar macquul ah Q2 2024 iyadoo Shiinuhu ku daray awood wax soo saar cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) qiimaha ayaa sii waday kor u kaca sababtoo ah sahayda propylene oxide oo cidhiidhi ah, kordhinta kharashka wax soo saarka CPAM 12-15%.
Marka laga hadlayo silsiladaha sahayda, hoggaamiyeyaasha warshadaha ayaa dardargeliyay is-dhexgalka toosan. Kooxda Solvay waxay ku maalgalisay €300 milyan saldhig cusub oo wax soo saar isku dhafan oo ku yaal Beljamka, taas oo awood u siisay wax soo saar buuxa oo laga bilaabo acrylonitrile ilaa alaabada ugu dambeysa. La filayo in la bilaabo 2025, tani waxay hoos u dhigi doontaa kharashyada dhamaystiran 20%. Shirkadaha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexe waxay u wareegeen dhanka takhasuska—tusaale ahaan, Italmatch Talyaanigu waxay diiradda saareen horumarinta hababka gaarka ah ee APAM ee nadiifinta biyaha badda.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-09-2025