Polyurethane waa walxo kiimiko oo cusub oo muhiim ah.Sababtoo ah waxqabadkeeda wanaagsan iyo isticmaalka kala duwan, waxaa loo yaqaan "caag shanaad ee ugu weyn".Laga soo bilaabo alaabta guriga, dharka, gaadiidka, dhismaha, isboortiga, iyo hawada hawada iyo dhismaha difaaca qaranka, qalabka polyurethane ee meel kasta waa wakiillo cusub oo kiimiko ah oo cusub iyo taageero muhiim ah oo dalkayga ah si loo dhiso waddan awood leh.
Ka dib in ka badan 20 sano ee horumarinta degdega ah ee warshadaha alaabta ceeriin ee polyurethane, waxay muujisay isbeddelka mugga - isbeddelka tayada.Tignoolajiyada wax-soo-saarka iyo awoodda wax-soo-saarka ee isocyanate ayaa kaalinta koowaad ka gashay adduunka.Waxay gashay xilli horumarinta tignoolajiyada oo galay horumar tayo sare leh.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinuhu wuxuu noqday alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee poliurethane iyo saldhigga wax soo saarka, iyo sidoo kale gobolka ugu dhameystiran ee codsiyada polyurethane.
Sida wax lagu daro muhiimka ah ee polyurethane, wakiilada fidinta poliurethane waa walxo ka falcelin kara falcelinta kooxda shaqada ee silsiladda polymer-ka si loo ballaariyo silsiladda molecular iyo kordhinta miisaanka kelli.Waa walxo ceeriin ah oo aan lagama maarmaanka u ah soo saarista alaabooyin badan oo polyurethane ah.Marka la isku daro walxaha polyurethane, wakiilada fidinta poliurethane waxay gaari karaan laba falcelin kiimikaad: ballaarinta iyo iskutallaabta si loo gaaro waxqabadka sare, tayada sare ee wax soo saarka poliurethane, sida kor u qaadida adkaanta, barti, iyo jeexjeexyada alaabta alaabta polyurethane. iyo heerka jeexjeexa.Fiisigiska iyo waxqabadka kiimikaad dhameystiran ee caabbinta heerkulka, caabbinta saliidda, caabbinta cimilada iyo iska caabinta daxalka.
一, Doorka iyo kala soocida wakiilka fidinta silsiladda polyurethane
Wakiilka balaadhinta polyurethane waxa loola jeedaa amine molecular hoose iyo xeryahooda aalkolada ah oo ka kooban laba kooxood oo shaqaynaya, kuwaas oo dhalin kara xariiq - nooca polymer iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta fidinta silsiladda.Adigoo isticmaalaya wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha kala duwan, ama bedelida caanaha fidinta silsiladda, falcelinta kiimikada ee heerarka kala duwan ayaa lagu gaaraa, iyo walxaha polyurethane ee leh shuruudaha waxqabadka kala duwan ayaa la soo saaraa.
Doorka wakiilada fidinta silsiladda poliurethane ee falcelinta isku dhafka polyurethane waxaa ka mid ah:
(1) Wakiilka balaadhinta silsiladda polyurethane wuxuu leeyahay koox sifo ah (koox amino iyo hydroxyl) oo samayn kara fal-celin kiimikaad leh isocyanate.Miisaanka molecular iyo falcelinta firfircooni waxay ka dhigi kartaa habka falcelinta polyurethane si dhakhso ah u balaarto ama u adkeeyo, abuurto xariiq leh miisaan culus oo unugyadu waxay leeyihiin waxqabadka polymer.
(2) Fidiyeyaasha silsiladaha kala duwan waxay leeyihiin falcelin kala duwan.Adigoo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo ah wakiilada balaarinta silsiladda iyo qiyaasta, hagaajiso viscosity reactor, molecules iyo qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka si aad ula qabsato wax soo saarka poliurethane iyo alaabada nidaamyada kala duwan iyo shuruudaha tayada.
(3) Wakiilada ballaarinta polyurethane kala duwan waxay siin karaan polyurethane sifooyin kala duwan, iyo qaar ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka kooxda sifo ee silsilad ballaarinta molecules waxaa lagu soo bandhigay silsiladda ugu weyn ee polyurethane, taas oo saameynaysa makaanikada iyo waxqabadka dhamaystiran kiimikaad polyurethane, sida xoog iyo caabbinta abrasion, Anti -defiring daal, caabbinta heerkulka, caabbinta cimilada, caabbinta saliidda, caabbinta daxalka, iwm.
Walxaha balaadhinta poliurethane guud ahaan waxay u qaybsan yihiin amin, alkohol, iyo alkohol.Laga soo bilaabo isticmaalka hababka geeddi-socodka iyo qaab-dhismeedka waxqabadka, dilate iyo diol waxay inta badan ku saleysan yihiin nidaamka habka iyo qaab-dhismeedka waxqabadka.Walaxaha fidinta silsiladda dhaqameed ee nooca dilate-ga ah sida ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, iyo dihydramol-hal-yar, iwm, waxay leeyihiin waxqabadka xaddidan ee alaabada poliurethane, waana wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha caadiga ah.Wakiilka fidinta silsiladda oo leh waxqabadka muuqda ee alaabta polyurethane ayaa inta badan ah labada qaybood: dihanramine aromatic iyo diol caraf udgoon.Waxaa loo yaqaan wakiilka ballaarinta silsilada waxqabadka sare.Waxaa lagu gartaa giraanta benzene ee adag.Awoodda, caabbinta abrasion, caabbinta dhexdhexaadka ah iyo sifooyinka kale.
Wakiilka balaadhinta diharamine ee caraf udgoon ma aha oo kaliya wax lagu daro furaha lagama maarmaanka u ah alaabta taxanaha ah ee polyurethane ee laastikada ah.Wakiilka balaadhinta silsiladda polyurethane ee ugu ballaadhan, ugu xun, uguna waxqabadka sarreeya.
Jidhka jilicsan ee poliurethane shubida dhaqameed ayaa guud ahaan lagu hagaajiyaa farsamada laba-tallaabo, taas oo ah, dhicisyada synthetic, ka dibna lagu dhejiyo wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha si loo adkeeyo.Iyadoo ku xiran nooca isocyanate, prefabricated ayaa qiyaas ahaan loo qaybin karaa noocyada TDI iyo MDI.Marka la barbar dhigo labada, waxqabadka falcelinta TDI ee dhicisoobay waa hooseeyaa, waxaana inta badan lagu beegaa wakiilada fidinta silsiladda aminiga ee firfircoon;Dhaqdhaqaaqa falcelinta prefabricated ee MDI waa sarraysa, iyo wakiilka balaadhinta silsiladda hydroxy ku salaysan oo leh shaabad firfircoon oo hoose oo ku salaysan hydroxyl.Marka loo eego shuruudaha isticmaalka xaaladaha iyo waxqabadka alaabta, waxaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah in la doorto wakiilka fidinta silsiladda ku habboon ka dib marka la doorto nooca isocyanate.
二, Waxqabadka sare ee silsiladda polyurethane noocyada alaabta iyo sifooyinka codsiga
2.1 Wakiilka balaarinta silsiladda arammer dihan amine ee ugu weyn
Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay waxqabadkeeda ugu fiican iyo tayada tayada sare leh, wakiilka dihamine-ka caraf udgoon ayaa ah midka ugu caansan uguna badan ee loo isticmaalo qalabka fidinta silsiladaha ee alaabta laastikada ee polyurethane.
Walxaha balaadhinta dianramine ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah 3, 3'-dichlori-4, 4'-diodes (MOCA: nooca I, nooca Ⅱ, caabbinta heerkulka sare, iwm), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate). ) (740m), 4,4'-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol laba-labo aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P) -250, iwm), 3,5-laba ethylene torneramine (DETDA, sidoo kale loo yaqaan E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, sidoo kale loo yaqaan E-300) iyo alaabooyin kale.
Dulmar guud ee sifooyinka codsiga iyo horumarinta alaabta ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota:
Wakiilka balaadhinta silsilada MOCA waa wakiilka balaadhinta silsilada waxqabadka sare ee ugu horraysa ee lagu maalgeliyay wax soo saarka warshadaha ee dalkayga.Waa xaalad adag heerkulka qolka.Waxay leedahay sifooyinka alaabta poliurethane ee loo isticmaali karo marka loo eego badbaadada iyo raaxada, taas oo buuxin karta sifooyinka sifooyinka iyo qaababka kala duwan.Laastikada polyurethane waa mid aad u sarreeya, dib-u-soo-celin-sare leh, dhar-xidhasho sare-u-adkeysiga, caabbinta gardarrada, caabbinta daxalka iyo sifooyin kale oo dhamaystiran.Waxay samayn kartaa alaabooyin waaweyn.Waa hawl qabad dhamaystiran oo ah wakiilada balaarineed ee udugga.Tan iyo markii la sameeyay DuPont ee 1950-meeyadii, MOCA waxay qabsatay boos muhiim ah oo ku saabsan barti poliurethane.Hadda waa wakiilka balaarinta silsiladda polyurethane ee ugu weyn.Xitaa waa lagama maarmaan in berrinka lagu shubo elasticity polyurethane.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha MOCA ee Shiinaha ee caanka ah waa: Suzhou Xiangyuan Qalabka Cusub ee Co., Ltd. Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (oo hore u ahaan jirtay Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., marka lagu daro, waxaa jira Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co. ., Ltd., iyo Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo ay hogaaminayaan shirkadaha Shiinaha, tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka MOCA ayaa sii kordheysa.Tusaale ahaan, Qalabka Cusub ee Xiangyuan wuxuu ka adkaadaa dhibaatada caafimaadka shaqada shaqaalaha, wasakhowga halista ah, iyo xasilloonida aan ku filneyn ee wax soo saarka joogtada ah ee hydrogenation of hydrogenation of hydrogenation.Habka joogtada ah wuxuu kiciyaa hydrogenation-ka hydrogenation-ka ee acoustics-nadiifinta sare iyo hababka wax soo saarka MOCA, garashada otomatiga, si buuxda u xiran, wax soo saarka cagaaran, garashada dareerayaasha, boodhka-free, tamarta-badbaadinta isticmaalka dhimista iyo qiiqa eber.Qalabka MOCA ee joogtada ah wuxuu noqday soo saaraha wax soo saarka ee caanka ah adduunka ee wakiilka fidinta silsiladda polyurethane.
Intaa waxaa dheer, Xiangyuan New Materials sidoo kale horumariyo Xylink740M iyo Xylink P taxane silsilad wakiilada ballaarinta, xaqiijinta warshadaynta ee taxanahan ee alaabta, kor u qaadida wax soo saarka poliurethane si loo hagaajiyo tayada, la yareeyo kharashka, iyo ballaarinta codsiyada.
2.2 Wakiilka balaarinta dilateral udgoonka ugu weyn
Walxaha udgoonka diol ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), iyo hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodenol mix (HQEE-L), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol isku dar ah (HER-L), iwm. waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa maaddooyinka polyurethane ee nidaamyada habka MDI, kaas oo ah wakiilka ballaarinta silsilad aan sun ahayn iyo nooca wasakhowga ah.Dulmar guud ee sifooyinka codsiga iyo horumarinta alaabta ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota:
Wakiilka ballaarinta silsiladda HQEE waa qaab-dhismeedka molecular summetrical udgoon wakiilka ballaarinta diol.Waa qayb adag, aan sun ahayn, wasakhaysan, oo xanaaqsan.Waxay leedahay la jaanqaad wanaagsan MDI waxayna si wax ku ool ah u kordhin kartaa nolosha walxaha.Qalabka cusub ee Xiangyuan ayaa soo saaray HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha.Tayadu way ka sarraysaa badeecadaha la midka ah ee gudaha iyo dibadda, alaabooyinkana waxaa lagu iibiyaa gudaha iyo dibadda.
2.3 Walxaha balaadhinta silsiladda udgoonka kale ee leh waxqabad gaar ah
Iyada oo kor u kaca beeraha polyurethane ee soo baxaya, wakiilada fidinta polyurethane cusub iyo tignoolajiyada codsiga ayaa si joogto ah kor loogu qaaday si loo daboolo baahida suuqa polyurethane.Shirkadaha wax soo saarka ayaa soo saaray noocyo kala duwan oo waxqabad gaar ah wakiilada ballaarinta silsilad udgoon.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) waa balaadhin silsilad ah oo ka kooban laba beam amin amino-free, kaas oo loo isticmaalo diyaarinta daahano aan dareere lahayn ama adag.Marka la barbar dhigo polyettes buufinta caadiga ah, alaabtu waxay leedahay jawaab celin dhexdhexaad ah, hawl qabad wanaagsan, hufnaan dhismo oo wanaagsan, iyo wax qabad aad u wanaagsan oo dhamaystiran.Waxay leedahay dhalaal wanaagsan iyo saameyn muuqata oo leh polycoges diyaarinta polycisotripocyanate chloride dufan, dabacsanaan wanaagsan iyo sifooyin farsamo, isbeddel jaale ah oo u adkaysta, caabbinta daxalka wanaagsan, caabbinta cimilada wanaagsan, iyo ilaalinta dheer.Marka lagu daro buundooyinka, tunnelyada, iyo noocyada kala duwan ee sagxadaha iyo calamadaha wadooyinka, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa codsiyada dhamaadka-dhamaadka ah sida dahaarka ilaalinta iyo helikabtarrada isku dhafan ee dahaarka maqaarka ee garbaha dabaysha.Wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo kor u qaadida alaabtan ayaa gacan ka geysan doonta horumarinta tayada sare ee dahaarka.
Kala firdhinta (311) ee diharamine udgoon iyo xeryahooda chloride sodium (311) waa nooc ka mid ah isbarbardhigga diharamine udgoon iyo cusbada aan noolaha ahayn.Waxaa lagu dhejin karaa noocyo kala duwan oo ah polyurethane pre-polystants heerkulka qolka.Waxay si gaar ah ugu habboon tahay qaababka adag ama waaweyn.Alaabada aagga, vulcanization microwave, iyo waqtiyo kale oo u baahan waqti dheer oo qalliin, ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiilka daawoyinka ee resin epoxy.Alaabooyinka la midka ah waxaa ka mid ah Caytur 31DA ee Maraykanka, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan Qalabka Cusub.
Waxyaalaha kale ee lagu daweeyo badda hoostiisa sida oxidazole, ketone amine, iwm waxay yarayn karaan suurtogalnimada dahaadhka ama alaabada kale si ay u soo saaraan xumbo ee fasalka dhexe ee daaweynta, waxayna sidoo kale leedahay meel loogu talagalay horumarinta.
三, Xaaladda horumarinta ee wakiilada fidinta silsiladda polyurethane
Warshadaha balaadhinta polyurethane ee dalkaygu waxay leeyihiin aasaas horumarineed oo aad u liita.Maalmihii hore, suuqa balaarinta silsiladda polyurethane ee gudaha waxaa had iyo jeer ka koobnayd shirkado caalami ah.Tan iyo markii la soo galay qarnigan, koox ka mid ah shirkadaha balaadhinta silsiladda polyurethane maxalliga ah oo ay wakiil ka tahay Xiangyuan Qalabka Cusub ayaa si guul leh u jebiyey monopolies shisheeye ka dib sannado R & D iyo ururinta tignoolajiyada.Qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka balaadhinta silsiladda poliurethane ee dalkayga ayaa gaadhay heerka badeecadaha caalamiga ah ee la midka ah.
Sida wakiilka balaarinta amine polyurethane ee ugu ballaadhan, habka wax soo saarka MOCA waa qaan, xasilloon, dhexdhexaad ah, oo ku habboon jawaabta.Goobta ku shubista jidhka laastikada ee codsiyada hoose, gaar ahaan nidaamka TDI, tiro badan oo alaabooyinka polyurethane ah ayaa ururiyay tiro badan oo ah qaabab qaan-gaar ah oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka poliurethane ee qaan-gaarka ah Essence MOCA ee xasilloonida iyo shaqeynta ayaa la tijaabiyay sanado badan oo suuqa ah iyo macaamiisha. ku dhaqan.Qiimaha waa mid aad u sarreeya.Ka dib sanado la isticmaalo, caqabad hab gaar ah ayaa samaysmay.Waxay leedahay door aan la bedeli karin, iyo goobta codsiga si joogto ah u fidin.
Maamulka Kiimikada Yurub, oo ah hay'ad mas'uul ka ah shahaadada Gaaritaanka EU, ayaa soo saartay warbixin ku saabsan November 30, 2017. Ka dib marka la barbardhigo khatarta badbaadada, waxqabadka, iyo qiimaha qiimaha, waxay soo jeedisay in goobta jirka ee polyurethane, tayada alaabta MOCA. Waxqabadka, waxtarka-qiimaynta iyo faa'iidooyinka kale ayaa aad u fiican, mana jiraan hadda wax beddel ah.
Warshada fidinta polyurethane ee Shiinaha ayaa bilaabatay goor dambe.Maalmihii hore, heerka tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka oo hooseeya, agabka cayriin ee taageeraya daciifnimada, iyo tayada R&D oo aan ku filnayn, suuqa balaarinta silsiladda polyurethane ee gudaha ayaa ka koobnayd shirkadaha caalamiga ah.Ilaa 1990-meeyadii, tiro ka mid ah soosaarayaasha balaadhinta silsiladda polyurethane ee gudaha ayaa si guul leh u jabiyay monopolies tignoolajiyada ajnabiga ah ka dib sanado R & D ah iyo ururin farsamo, iyo waxqabadka qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka balaadhinta silsiladaha polyurethane ayaa gaadhay heerkii alaabada caalamiga ah ee la midka ah.Gaar ahaan, qalabka cusub ee Xiangyuan ayaa hogaanka u qabtay dhismaha 10,000-ton -heer joogto ah MOCA wax soo saarka.Tayada wax soo saarka iyo heerka farsamada waxa ay gaadheen heerkii hore ee aduunka iyo heerka hogaamineed ee gudaha.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha MOCA ee gudaha waxay awoodeen inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha ionamine bilaashka ah.MOCA granular iyo heerkulka sare ee jaalaha ah ee isbeddelaya MOCA ee alaabada taxanaha MOCA waxaa door biday warshadaha polyurethane.
"Qorshaha Shanta Sano ee Laba iyo Tobnaad ee Qorshaha Shanta Sano ee Laba iyo Tobnaad" ee warshadaha polyurethane waxay soo jeedinayaan in marka lagu daro ballaarinta miisaanka wax soo saarka ee ballaarinta silsiladda tayada sare leh MOCA, horumarinta iyo codsiga wakiilada ballaarinta silsiladda cusub MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE iyo alaabada kale waa in la kordhiyaa.Iyada oo ku saleysan alaabooyinka taxanaha MOCA, oo leh kala duwanaanta agabyada polyurethane iyo alaabada, alaabada kale ee ballaarinta silsiladda cusub ayaa sidoo kale soo baxday, samaynta qaabayn kala duwan oo leh alaabada MOCA.
Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee cilmi-baarista teknoolajiyada iyo horumarinta, wax soo saarka cusub ee wakiilada ballaarinta silsiladda caraf udgoon ayaa leh faa'iidooyin gaar ah xawaaraha jawaabta, iska caabinta heerkulka sare, hawlgalka, badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka.Codsigu si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u bislaaday, iyo qaddarka codsigu wuu sii fidayaa.Tusaale ahaan, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, sababtoo ah cagaarka, deegaanka saaxiibtinimo, sifooyinka aan sunta ahayn, ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u furay suuqa codsiga ee meelo badan.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo horumarinta iyo kobaca nidaamka MDI deegaanka saaxiibtinimo ka badan, isticmaalka miisaanka isticmaalka ee wax-qabadka sare -waxqabadka udgoon diol dilateral wakiilada dilateral sida HQEE iyo HER oo si fiican u socon kara oo la jaan qaada nidaamka MDI ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhay, siinta barti polyurethane. Wanaagsanaanta jirka oo aad u fiican Bandhigyo gaar ah sida caabbinta kulaylka iyo xoogga jeexjeexa.Marka lagu daro wax soo saarka wax soo saarka, waxay sidoo kale soo saari kartaa wax-qabad heer sare ah oo heerkulbeeg ah, kaas oo la nafisi karo.Meelaha codsiga ee leh shuruudaha waxqabadka sare ee qalabka polyurethane ee wadamada horumaray iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka poliurethane, wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha sida 740m, HQEE, HER ayaa sii qoto dheereynaya codsiga.Wakiilka cusub ee balaadhinta silsiladda ayaa kala soocay faa'iidooyinka qaybaha gaarka ah, iyo heerka farsamada ayaa ah mid aad u sarreeya.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, suuqa gudaha ayaa wali ku jira heerka dhiirigelinta codsiga.
四, Habka horumarinta warshadaha ballaarinta silsilad polyurethane
Warshadaha polyurethane ee Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Galbeedka Yurub waxay ururiyeen tobanaan sano oo horumarineed.Warshaduhu waxay leeyihiin awood farsamo oo xoog leh warshadaha, suuquna waa mid bisil.Isla mar ahaantaana, macaamiisha aagaggani waxay leeyihiin shuruudaha waxqabadka sare ee alaabta polyurethane, iyo baahida loo qabo wakiilada ballaarinta silsiladaha cusub ayaa ka dhaqso badan MOCA.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wadamada horumaray sida Yurub iyo Mareykanka ayaa haysta saamiga ugu weyn ee baahida loo qabo wakiilada ballaarinta silsiladaha cusub.
Isticmaalka badan ee polyurethane ee gobolka Asia-Pacific iyo wadamada kale ee soo koraya ayaa noqonaya awooda ugu weyn ee baahida polyurethane ee caalamiga ah.Waxaa ka mid ah, gobolka Aasiya-Pacific horeyba waa suuqa ugu weyn ee macaamiisha polyurethane, oo ku saabsan 48% saamiga suuqa caalamiga ah;Wadamada kale ee soo koraya sida Hindiya, Brazil, Mexico, iwm, baahida loo qabo polyurethane ee dhismayaasha, qalabka dhismaha, alaabta guriga iyo warshadaha kale ayaa sidoo kale sii kordhaya.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka loo eego dalalka horumaray ee Yurub iyo Maraykanka, qaar ka mid ah gobolladaas gobolladaas ayaa weli ku jira marxaladdii hore ee warshadaynta.Waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee warshadaha poliurethane waxayna bixiyaan fiiro gaar ah qiimaha iyo waxqabadka kharashka.Mustaqbalka, mustaqbalka, aaggan ayaa wali sii wadi doona baahida sare ee MOCA-yada qaaliga ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, shirkadaha waaweyn ee caalamiga ah ee balaadhinta polyurethane, sida Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., Kiimikada Hawada Mareykanka (iibsashada Winchuang ee 2016), iyo Coco Mareykanka (oo ay heshay Langsheng 2017), iwm. ., dunidii monopolyed Inta badan saamiga suuqa ee wakiilada fidinta silsiladaha, shirkadaha yaryar qaarkood ee aan lahayn hagaajinta warshadaha -jaamacad -nidaamka cilmi-baarista ayaa meesha ka saaray saamaynta tayada badeecada iyo qiimaha, iyo xoojinta silsiladda warshadaha ballaarinta ayaa sii kordhay.Isla mar ahaantaana, shirkadaha waaweyni waxay sidoo kale ku tiirsan yihiin xoog raasumaal oo xooggan iyo cilmi-baaris iyo asal horumarineed si ay u ballaariyaan alaabta ceeriin ee xirfadleyda ah iyo cabbirka wax-soo-saarka, oo ay dhisaan monopoly-ka-guurka ee saldhigyada wax-soo-saarka ballaaran iyo iibka iyo xarumaha R & D ee meelaha leh kheyraad aad u fiican. suuqyada, iyo xaaladaha shaqada.
5. Xaaladda hadda jirta iyo jihada horumarinta ee wakiilada fidinta polyurethane
Maaddaama wax lagu daro muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay maaddooyinka poliurethane, wakiilada fidinta poliurethane waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa nidaamka CASE (oo ay ku jiraan dahaarka, dhejiska, daboolka iyo jirka jilicsan) ee alaabta polyurethane.Waxaa ka mid ah, jirka laastiigga poliurethane waa maaddo polymer synthetic ah oo u dhexeysa caag guud iyo caag.Waxay leedahay labadaba barti sare ee caag iyo adkaanta sare iyo xoogga sare ee caaga ah.5 ilaa 10 jeer), waxay leedahay sumcadda "boqorka xirashada - caag u adkaysta" waxayna leedahay awood farsamo oo wanaagsan, caabbinta saliidda, caabbinta kiimikada, caabbinta dabacsanaanta iyo iska caabbinta heerkul hoose oo aad u fiican.Marka lagu daro nooca shubista caadiga ah iyo jirka laastikada ah ee poliurethane, walxaha jirka ee laastikada ah ee poliurethane sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah xabagta, dahaarka, shaabadeynta, alaabta laamiga, keligood, maqaarka synthetic, fiber, iwm kuwaas oo noqda walxaha poliurethane ee laastikada ah.Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee heerka farsamada, elasticity polyurethane ayaa lagu beddelay caag, balaastiig, iyo biraha meelo kala duwan sida baabuurta, miinooyinka, daabacaadda, qalabka, farsamaynta mishiinka, isboortiga, iyo gaadiidka.
Marka loo eego tirakoobyada hay'adaha ay khuseyso, isticmaalka Shiinaha polyurethane CASE (jidhka laastikada, dahaarka, maqaarka synthetic, shaabadeynta iyo xabagta) sanadka 2021 wuxuu ahaa 7.77 milyan tan, celceliska heerka kobaca sanadlaha ee 11.5% 2016-2021 wuxuu ahaa 11.5%.
Laastikada ee polyurethane Shiinaha ee 2016 waxay ahayd 925,000 tan, wax soo saarka 2021 wuxuu gaadhay 1.5 milyan oo tan, iyada oo heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku dhafan ee 10.2%;celceliska heerka kobaca sanadlaha ee isticmaalka ayaa ahaa 12.5%.Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in marka la gaaro 2025, wax soo saarka jirka ee polyurethane ee dalkeyga uu gaari doono 2.059 milyan oo tan, taas oo weli ku sii jiri doonta isbeddel horumarineed oo degdeg ah.
Caalami ahaan, wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee elastomers polyurethane ayaa gaadhay 2.52 milyan tan sanadkii 2016 iyo 3.539 milyan tan 2021, iyada oo heerka kobaca isku dhafka sanadlaha ah ee 7.0%.Marka la gaaro 2025, wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee elastomer polyurethane ayaa la filayaa inuu gaaro 4.495 milyan tan, taasoo muujineysa horumar degdeg ah oo joogto ah.
The elastomer polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU) waxay leedahay iska caabin aad u fiican.Itaalkeedu waa mid sare, dheeraan, saliid u adkaysta, iska caabbinta heerkulka hooseeya, caabbinta hawada, iyo iska caabinta ozone waa mid caan ah, iyo kala duwanaanta adaygagu waa ballaaran yahay.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, codsiga suuqa ee TPU ayaa ka ballaartay warshadaha kabaha ilaa suuqyada dhamaadka-dhamaadka ah sida daawooyinka, duulista, iyo ilaalinta deegaanka.Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, laga bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2021, celceliska heerka kobaca isku dhafka sanadlaha ah ee wax soo saarka TPU ee Shiinaha wuxuu ahaa ilaa 14.5%.2021, wax soo saarka dalkayga TPU wuxuu ahaa ilaa 645,000 oo tan.dalkaygu waxa uu noqday dalka ugu wax soo saarka badan aduunka ee TPU.Mugga dhoofinta saafiga ah iyo wax-soo-saarka saafiga ah ayaa si joogto ah u kordhay sannadihii la soo dhaafay.
Marka loo eego baahida, suuqa caalamiga ah ee TPU wuxuu hadda ku urursan yahay Yurub, Mareykanka, iyo gobollada Aasiya-Pacific.Waxaa ka mid ah, gobolka Aasiya ee uu hoggaamiyo Shiinuhu waa suuqa ugu dhaqsaha badan gobolka ee isticmaalka TPU adduunka.Marka loo eego tirakoobka Guddiga Gaarka ah ee Elastic ee Ururka Warshadaha Polyurethane ee Shiinaha, wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka poliurethane ee dalkayga 2018 ayaa gaadhay 11.3 milyan oo tan, kaas oo isticmaalka elastomers polyurethane (TPU + CPU) uu ahaa qiyaastii 1.1 milyan oo tan % .
TPU wali waa mid ka mid ah alaabooyinka leh koritaanka degdega ah ee polyurethane mustaqbalka dhow.Dalkaygu waxa uu noqday dalka ugu wayn adduunka ee macaamiisha TPU.Marka loo eego tirakoobyada, celceliska heerka kobaca sanadlaha ee isku dhafka ah ee isticmaalka TPU Shiinaha ee 2017-2021 wuxuu ahaa ilaa 12.9%, taas oo wadarta isticmaalka 2021 ay ahayd 602,000 tan, korodhka 11.6% sanad kasta.Iyada oo ku saleysan wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee TPU ee 1.09 milyan oo tan sanadka 2021, isticmaalka TPU gudaha ayaa dhaaftay kala bar adduunka.Mustaqbalka, baahiyaha qalabka kabaha, filimada, tuubooyinka, iyo fiilooyinka ayaa noqon doona kuwo aad u xoog badan.Marka la eego qalabka caafimaadka, fiilooyinka fiilooyinka, iyo filimka, waxay sii bedeli doontaa qalabka caadiga ah ee PVC.Waxay u badan tahay in lagu beddelo EVA goobta alaabta kabaha.Waxaa la filayaa in TPU-da ay ahaan doonto 10 mustaqbalka 10 10 % Ama isbeddel korriin ka badan.Waxaa la filayaa in isticmaalkeedu uu gaaro ilaa 900,000 oo tan marka la gaaro 2026.
Iyada oo si tartiib tartiib ah loo ballaarinayo miisaanka wax-soo-saarka, qiimaha alaabada poliurethane waa mid hooseeya, kala duwanaansho badan ayaa kala duwan, baahida suuqa ayaa soo hagaagtay, horumarinta warshaduhu waa mid degdeg ah.Inta lagu jiro muddada "Qorshaha Shanta iyo Tobnaad ee Shanta Sano", warshadaha Kiisku waa in ay si xoog leh kor ugu qaadaan horumarinta badeecadaha ee jihada biyaha, dareere la'aanta, iyo maadada adag;kordhinta horumarinta CASE iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada synthetic ee qaab dhismeedka alaabta ceeriin ee aasaasiga ah, diiradda saaraya biyaha polytianmen -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Codsiga;diiradda saara fulinta aragtida aasaasiga ah ee biyaha iyo cilmi baarista farsamada injineernimada;hagaajinta waxqabadka alaabta, horumarinta alaabta cusub, balaadhiso goobta codsiga, iyo kor u qaadida dhismaha dhismaha cusub ee kaabayaasha ee gaadiidka tareenada, jid weyn, tunnel buundada, gudbinta korontada, iwm. Iyo codsiga goobta caafimaadka;kor u qaadida codsiga farsamada ee xabagta poliurethane ee eber formaldehyde si loogu daro taarikada macmalka ah;horumariyo kala duwanaansho, shaqeyn, iyo qiimo sare - lagu daray alaabada ammonia;xoojinta teknoolajiyada cilmi-baarista iyo codsiga ee qaab-dhismeedka maaddooyinka aan biyuhu lahayn ee polyurethane, waxqabadka, muddada adkeysiga;Kor-u-qaadida adeegsiga walxaha polyurethane ee dhismayaasha hore loo sii diyaariyay.
Tilmaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee horumarinta ee beerta elastomer waa:
Elastomers Polyurethane ee baabuurta.Warshadaha gawaadhida ee maanta waxa ay u korayaan dhinaca wax qabad sare, tayo sare leh, miisaan fudud, raaxo iyo badbaado.Qalabka synthetic ee caaga ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u beddelaya alaabta birta ah, taas oo furaysa rajo aad u ballaaran oo ku saabsan codsiga poliurethane elastomers.
Elastomers Polyurethane ee dhismaha.Asphalt-dhaqameedka dareemay walxaha biyuhu waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u beddeleen walaxda waara, dhismaha isku dhafan ee polyurethane;Codsiga orodka isboortiga ee polyurethane waa mid aad iyo aad u ballaaran.Kala-goysyada balaadhinta ee Buundooyinka waaweyn, hurdayaasha jidka tareenka xawaaraha sare leh, dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee garoonka diyaaradaha iyo caulking-way ayaa sidoo kale si tartiib tartiib ah looga sameeyay elastomer PVC oo lagu adkeeyey heerkulka qolka.
elastomer Polyurethane ee isticmaalka miinada.Waxaa jira baahi weyn oo loo qabo qalabyada aan biraha ahayn ee leh dhar-xidhasho sare leh, xoog badan iyo dabacsanaan ku jirta macdanta dhuxusha, birta iyo kuwa aan birta ahayn.
elastomer Polyurethane ee kabaha.Ester elasticity Polychloride waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka waxqabadka buffering wanaagsan, miisaanka khafiifka ah, xidhashada caabbinta, caabbinta barafka, iyo wixii la mid ah, waxay noqotay qalab muhiim ah oo taageeraya warshadaha kabaha.
elastomer Polyurethane ee isticmaalka caafimaadka.Laqabsiga noole ee wanaagsan, iswaafajinta dhiiga iyo wax lagu daro ayaa ah sababo muhiim u ah adeegsiga agabka TPU iyo CPU ee dhanka caafimaadka.Codsigeeda dhinaca caafimaadka iyo caafimaadka waa mid aad u ballaaran.
Waraaq cusub oo isku dhafan oo polyurethane ah.Tiknoolajiyada walxaha isku dhafan ayaa la filayaa inay u keento xilli qarax suuqa cusub ee elastomers-ka polyurethane.
六, Warshadaha ballaarinta silsiladda Polyurethane "Qorshaha shanta sano ee 14aad" isbeddelka horumarinta
Marka loo eego aragtida caalamiga ah, horumarka degdega ah ee goobta dhismaha, warshadaha baabuurta, qalabka sirdoonka elektaroonigga ah, tamarta cusub iyo warshadaha ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa si weyn u horseeday baahida alaabada polyurethane.Kooxda polyurethane ee caalamiga ah waxay sii wadaan inay abuuraan tignoolajiyada iyo codsiga, waxayna sii wadi doonaan kor u qaadida horumarinta iyo soosaarka alaabada cusub ee polyurethane.Iyada oo la ballaarinayo alaabta polyurethane ee berrinka iyo baaxadda suuqa hoose ee terminalka, baahida kala duwan ee alaabooyinka polyurethane waxay kor u qaadi doontaa hal-abuurnimada joogtada ah iyo horumarinta wakiilada silsiladaha poliurethane.
Sannadaha 10 ee soo socda, codsiga alaabta polyurethane ee meelaha niche qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale si degdeg ah u horumarin doona.Khubarada warshaduhu waxay falanqeeyaan in baahida caalamiga ah ee polyurethane ay kordho 4.5% sannadkii.Waxaa ka mid ah, celceliska heerka kobaca sanadlaha ee baahida poliurethane waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inuu yahay 5.7% beeraha qaboojiyaha, kabaha, dunta, madadaalada iyo beeraha kale.Baahida goobta wax soo saarka ayaa waxyar korodhay, waxaana la filayaa inay noqoto qiyaastii 3.3% sannadkii.Wadamada soo koraya ee Asia-Pacific waxaa lagu taageeray tignoolajiyada cusub si loo ballaariyo codsiyada hoose, iyo baahida loo qabo polyurethane waxay gaari doontaa heerka kobaca laba-god sanad kasta.
Sida alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka u ah warshadaha poliurethane, warshada wax lagu daro ee poliurethane ee dalkaygu waa inay si aan leexleexad lahayn u fulisaa fikradda horumarinta cusub.Hoosta, mawduuca kor u qaadida horumarinta tayada sare ee warshadaha polyurethane, iyada oo jihada kor u qaadida warshadaha poliurethane si loo dardargeliyo dhismaha qaab cusub oo horumarineed oo ah "dual-cycle", oo diiradda saaraya cagaarka, kaarboon hooseeya, iyo dhijitaalka ah. isbadal., Dardar galinta dhismaha nidaamka warshadaha casriga ah, kor u qaadida "gaaban" ee alaabooyinka sare, "qabso teknoolajiyada sare" ee muhiimka ah, "fur waddo cusub" ee alaabta dhaqameed, oo kor u qaado dalkayga si aan uga guuro polyurethane ilaa a wadan xoog leh.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, fidiyaha silsiladda poliurethane wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee polyurethane lagama maarmaanka u ah mashaariicda waaweyn ee kaabayaasha qaranka.Warshadaha fidiyaha silsiladda polyurethane waxay kordhinayaan maalgashiga hal-abuurka, horumarinta jihada ilaalinta deegaanka, waxtarka sare iyo tayada sare leh.Iyada oo lagu saleynayo baahiyaha hawada, macluumaadka elektaroonigga ah, tamarta cusub, baabuurta, tareenka xawaaraha sare leh, gaadiidka tareenka, waddooyinka waaweyn, buundooyinka waaweyn, daryeelka caafimaadka iyo warshadaha difaaca qaranka, isbeddelka iyo adeegsiga silsiladaha cusub ee teknolojiyadda fidsan ee polyurethane ayaa la dardargeliyay si loo hagaajiyo heerka guud ee horumarinta warshadaha polyurethane.
Jihada horumarinta ee warshadaha fidiyaha silsilad polyurethane waa in la horumariyo tayada sare, silsilad cagaaran wax soo saarka ee ilaalinta deegaanka oo dheeraad ah.Ma aha oo kaliya nadiif iyo wasakh la'aan habka wax soo saarka, laakiin sidoo kale ammaan iyo cagaar habka isticmaalka si kor loogu qaado cagaarka geeddi-socodka wax soo saarka poliurethane.Marka labaad, in la sii balaadhiyo isticmaalka alaabada fidiyaha silsiladda ee hadda jirta, si fidiyaha silsiladda xirfadeed ee jira ay ka buuxaan firfircooni codsi cusub.Heerka tignoolajiyada ee qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha fidiyaha silsiladda polyurethane ee gudaha waxay la mid yihiin shirkadaha caalamiga ah, laakiin cilmi baaris dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo isticmaaleyaal badan oo garanaya sareynta alaabada, gaar ahaan si kor loogu qaado alaabada diamine ee dareeraha ah ee leh hawlgal ku habboon iyo waxqabadka wanaagsan, iyo si loo sameeyo saamaynta isku-dhafka ah ee silsiladaha fidiyaha si loo badbaadiyo tamarta loona yareeyo isticmaalka iyo kharashka.Midda saddexaad waa in la sii horumariyo alaabada cusub iyadoo loo eegayo baahida suuqa, si loo bixiyo wax soo saar ku habboon oo tayo sare leh oo loogu talagalay warshadaha polyurethane, si loo daboolo baahiyaha suuqa hoose iyo ballaarinta baaxadda codsiga.
Qalabka laastikada ee poliurethane, fidiyaha silsiladda waa mid muhiim ah oo muhiim ah oo lagu daro qadar badan iyo qiimo sare oo lagu daray, taas oo muhiimad weyn u leh hagaajinta waxqabadka alaabta.Intaa waxaa dheer, qalabka kale ee poliurethane iyo xitaa balaastikada xumbo, fidiyaha silsiladda polyurethane waxay saameyn muuqata ku leedahay hagaajinta waxqabadka alaabta.Warshadaha poliurethane, booska suuqa fidiyaha silsiladda polyurethane waa mid aad u weyn.Si kor loogu qaado oo loo hoggaamiyo horumarinta tayada sare leh ee warshadaha poliurethane, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xoojiyo cilmi-baarista codsiga iyo kor u qaadista silsiladda polyurethane, iyo horumarinta noocyo ka wanaagsan oo ka badan oo ka mid ah silsiladaha silsiladaha polyurethane ee hoos yimaada bixinta dareenka caafimaadka, tamarta badbaadinta, badbaadada iyo ilaalinta deegaanka iyo waxqabadka codsiga, si ay gacan weyn uga geystaan nolosha wanaagsan ee bini'aadamka.
Waqtiga boostada: Feb-08-2023